Thegenome editing, or edition genomics, is a technique of molecular biology which changes the genome using enzymes particulars playing the role of molecular scissors: restriction endonucleases.
Genome editing technique
The technique is to cut theDNA double strand at a specific site (and not at random in the genome) thanks to nucleases. A piece of DNA is removed or added and then the DNA is re-welded by recombination counterpart.
Different nucleases can be used for genomic editing. For example, the system TALEN ((transcription activator-like effector nucleases) uses artificial enzymes created by fusing a binding domain to a specific sequence of theDNA and the catalytic domain of the enzyme.
Genomic editing with CRISPR-Cas9
The system CRISPR-Cas9 was developed by researchers Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. It has the advantage of being simple to use, quick and inexpensive. CRISPR mean Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and Cases CRISPR-associated. In this system, ARN guide the protein Cas9 to the site of the genome to be cut.
Genomic editing allows you to modify Genoa sustainably in many cash, for some applications varied. Thus, in agronomy, CRISPR-Cas9 is used to modify genes of cultivated plants such as corn. In animals, CRISPR-Cas9 has been used in mosquito, pork, cow, but also on human embryos not viable, which raises many ethical questions.
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